Compare how the two television programmes Essay

This is an endeavor on her part to show up cutting-edge, with â€Å"Hollywood speak†, but at the same time is a path for her to belittle Saffy and is representative of their relationship. â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† is based on a hetero lady and a gay man, with the complexity between them being the key component of the show, The funniness here is substantially more immediate than that of â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous†, with extraordinary accentuation on sexual insinuations and unrefined components. â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† violates limits, with the two heroes (Linda and Tom) undermining customary sexual orientation jobs. They take after a wedded couple, yet in turn around †Linda is manly, while Tom is feminine. Tom is white collar class and refined, and sees Linda as underneath him †in the ‘Millennium Special’, he portrays her as ‘frighteningly common laborers. ‘ He is additionally houseproud, as appeared by his Christmas punch and his disappointment when Linda broke the enrichments (‘Whatever happened to Timothy tree? ‘) He gives the impression of knowledge and regularly becomes irritated with Linda, additionally discovering her rough silliness a lot once in a while: ‘You know, here and there you make me genuinely wiped out. ‘ interestingly, Linda is manly and uncultured, uproarious and direct, yet additionally untainted and nai ve. She is obviously of low knowledge and appreciates offending Tom †‘I ain’t homophobic, I just can’t stand ’em. ‘ She habitually calls him ‘homo’, yet in all actuality this is most likely an affectionate nickname. In spite of the fact that she claims to disdain him, Linda and Tom are dependant on one another, as appeared by the scene where Linda is going to go out and Tom sticks to her. Linda’s naiveti As to father is a state of silliness as in her eyes he can in any case do no off-base. Her words ‘Daddy wouldn’t lie to me! ‘ infer a little youngster. Tom every now and again utilizes shortenings, for example, ‘ridic’ and ‘phenom’, which adds to his camp picture, and reinforces the audience’s view of him as a cliché gay man. Linda’s character, just as diverging from Tom, likewise has components of difference inside herself: her family name (LaHughes), recommends a definitely more upmarket lady than she is, and the manner by which she dresses is at chances with her naiveti. â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† has solid components of sexual disappointment in the two characters , despite the fact that Tom wants a drawn out relationship and family life, and Linda essentially needs a man. Both the house in â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous† and the level from â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† are not trained, yet for various reasons †Patsy and Eddie are consistently out busy working or gatherings, yet Tom and Linda are consistently at home basically on the grounds that they have no place else to go: â€Å"Phone a wicked companion? Imagine a scenario where you haven’t got any companions. † intertextuality is available in the two comedies †from the undeniable in â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† (Linda and Tom’s conversation of â€Å"Who Wants To Be A Millionnaire† and her referral to the Royle Family as ‘northern ponces’), to the more unpretentious utilization of Western music in â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous. † Both projects include broken parent-kid connections, in spite of the fact that there is a distinction in that Linda’s relationship with her dad is off-screen, and Saffy and Edina’s is especially on-screen. Both additionally have ‘children’ in †Eddie is a wild youngster and Linda is a spoilt more youthful kid. Manly ladies are available in both, as Patsy and Linda, albeit both are manly in various ways and take on various jobs. The utilization of flashbacks in two scenes (â€Å"Small Opening† and â€Å"Millennium Special†) summarize the mentalities of the two projects †â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœs demonstrates how the heroes need life to be, and the show depends on them needing better lives. The flashback in â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous† demonstrates how life sued to be, and the characters here are living before. A key distinction is that Eddie and Patsy really accept they are in charge of their lives and are upbeat, while Linda and Tom are completely mindful of the way that they are going no place. While â€Å"Absolutely Fabulous† is a parody, there is additionally a dream component about Patsy and Eddie’s uninhibited, libertine ways of life. Both shows’ characters are agent sorts of society, and there is a nonappearance of men in both †the principle topic of the two shows. Be that as it may, in â€Å"Absoultely Fabulous† this is demonstrated to be a positive thing and Patsy and Ednia show no requirement for them, anyway â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme† is about its protagonists’ depression, and is revolved around their journey for men (henceforth the title. ) â€Å"Gimme Gimme Gimme†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœs comic portrayal of sexual orientation depends on generalizations, job inversion and class differentiate, while â€Å"Absoultely Fabulous† plays on the normal thought of how a mother ought to be, the conventional qualities they have and women’s autonomy. The two shows use disruption of jobs to extraordinary impact in their comic portrayal of sexual orientation.

Vincent Van Gogh Essay -- Essays Papers

Vincent Van Gogh The individuals, harking back to the nineteenth century truly didn’t acknowledge Van Gaogh’s honest and sincerely dreary method of communicating the method of craftsmanship is to himself. It at long last was viewed as craftsmanship through the people’s eyes. This set a phase of workmanship that is presently known as Expressionism. It is best described by the utilization of images and a style that communicates the artist’s inward emotions about his subject. His style of painting is exemplified by a projection of the painter’s internal experience onto the canvas he paints on. Van Gogh’s compositions are finished with his sentiments that goes on in his life. (Imprint Harden’s Artchive) In Vincent’s own words he stated, What lives in craftsmanship and is everlastingly living, is above all else the painter, and afterward the composition. (Mark Harden’s Artchive) Many individuals imagine that Van Gogh’s life had a ton of disappointment and that’s why his canvases are about his emotions, however his encounters exhibit organic and mental variation from the norm, causing practices that distanced people around him. He began to get disengaged from the general public, by chipping away at his compositions constantly. He started to utilize all his vitality and all the upheaval into his works of art. This made him be regulated, because of taking a shot at his works of art constantly and that's it. It turned out to be not kidding to such an extent that he ended it all by shooting himself at 37 years old. (Shearer West) During his short life, he just sold one of his works of art. He sold it four months before his passing and sold it for 400 francs, It was titled The Red Vineyard, despite the fact that he created such a significant number of perfect works of art that will go ever. Most craftsmanship darlings consider Van To be as a grieved individual, yet an effective craftsman. This is a long way from the real truth of his tempestuous life, which was laden with disappointment in each word related interest he endeavored, including painting and was set apart by discontinuous scenes of discouragement, savagery, and out going practices. ( Encyclopedia of Arts †Mark Harden’s Artchive) They have almost finished t he understanding the sentiments, encounters, and perspectives Van Gogh had, by the notes that were protected that he sent to his loved ones, particularly the all the ones sent to his sibling Theo. Imprint Harden’s Artchive) Before Vincent turned into a painter, he was a Protestant pastor and a craftsmanship seller. He fizzled at both of these and afterward began to consider workmanship world. His... ...ure. That’s it to the extent I'm concerned†¦ I feel this is the predetermination that I acknowledge, that will never show signs of change. (Mark Harden’s Artchive) One of the last artistic creations Van Gogh did was Wheat Field With Crows. There's foreboding shadows out of sight that appear to be sad and burdensome. Therapist state that Van Gogh may have had polar turmoil, which implies hyper discouragement. On July 27, 1890 Vincent killed himself with a shot to the chest and afterward a half year later Theo kicked the bucket of lung ailment. (Reference book of Arts) Van Gogh is viewed as one of the most remarkable Expressionist. His artworks sell for many dollars today despite the fact that he just sold one during his lifetime. (Explorer) WORK CITED Vincent Van Gogh. Mark Harden's Artchive http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/vangogh/vangogh_bio.html (7 April 99) Van Gogh: Starry Night. Voyager http://voyager.learntech.com/cdrom/cataologpage.cgi?starrynight (7 April 99) Vincent Van Gogh. Encyclopedia.com http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/13346.html (7 April 99) The Bulfinch Guide to Art History. Shearer West Ref 700.9 B871gu page 475 Reference book of the Arts. Ref 703 En19 1966 pg 348

Can Bad Credit Keep You From Getting That Apartment

Can Bad Credit Keep You From Getting That Apartment Can Bad Credit Keep You From Getting That Apartment? Can Bad Credit Keep You From Getting That Apartment?Depending on your credit history, that sweet new bachelor or bachelorette pad might be out of your reach.Say you get a credit card offer in the mail and you apply for itâ€"but you get denied. You try to refinance your car loanâ€"and the application comes back with a red stamp on it. You even try to rent a new apartment and, heyâ€"did your security deposit just go up because of your bad credit?!Yeah, it did. Or rather, it can. Bad credit affects a person’s life in dozens of different ways. Some large, some small, some obvious, others a bit unexpected.One of the ways it can affect you is when you’re applying for an apartment or home rental. Even if a landlord isn’t directly looking at your credit score, the information they find on your credit report could greatly sway their decision.A landlord might not check your credit score but they’ll still check your credit.According Real estate investor and founder of idealrei.com, Eric Bowlin (@EricJBowlin),“It is pretty rare that a manager or landlord is actually looking at someone’s credit score. Instead, they may be looking for overall debt to income or currently delinquent accounts.”So how would they do that? By pulling a copy of your credit report from one of the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. That’s the document that companies like FICO use when they create your credit score.It will contain pretty much everything that your landlord would want to know about you financially. And everything that you would want to keep a secret.“Your credit report tells a lot about you, says Shane Lee of Renthop (@RentHop), “like whether you plan things ahead, pay your bills on time, and if you are likely to be a good tenant or not.”“Just because you have a bad credit, doesn’t mean that you won’t be able to rent an apartment, says Lee. And that’s true. But what it can affect is what kinds of apartments you can get and how mu ch you’ll have to pay for them.“A landlord cares about two things,” says Nathan Miller, founder of Rentec Direct (@rentec), “that rent is paid in full and on time, and that the property remains in good condition.”“When a landlord reviews your credit and finds problems, they are going to assume that your inability to pay your current and past debts will also affect your ability to pay rent.According to Miller, “Medical collections can often be an exception as many landlords will overlook or discount medical bills.” Still, he advises that “the tenant should let the landlord or property manager know about them in advance.”With bad credit, your rental options will be more limited.He says that “There are some landlords today which still do not check a tenants credit, but those are typically private landlords with one or two homes,” adding that “As more landlords learn that they are allowed to pull credit reports on tenants, this opportunity gets smaller every da y.”This is why Bowlin says, “If for some reason all the major complexes in the area are rejecting the application due to credit, it would be better to find a small mom-and-pops type operation or a single family rental.”“The owners for these are far more flexible and rely on personal relationships more than a systemized approach to filling vacancy. So, the tenant may be able to offer a higher deposit or to pay a last month’s rent in order to provide security to the landlord to compensate for the poor credit,” he says.Bowlin also advises that certain classes of apartments might be unavailable to people with bad credit, low income, or a criminal history.“For example,” he says, “an A-class may require 3 or 3.5x the rent for income and no criminal record at all while a C-class property may only require 2.5x the rent as income and will accept most crimes as long as they are 5 years or older with some exceptions.”“So, it’s good for the tenant to ask the requirements before applying so they know what their neighbors will be like and they can also avoid paying the application fee if they don’t qualify.”You’re likely to feel the effects in your security deposit and your utilities.  According to Lee, it’s important for renters with bad credit to “Have enough cash ready in case the landlord asks for security deposit,” as those security deposits will likely be larger than they would be otherwise.“In New York City, for example, a lot of the landlords and property managers will ask for security deposits, and if you have a relatively low or even bad credit score, you might put in up to six  months of rent for the security deposit,” she says.“While it sounds like a lot, most people with bad credit do find it helpful. Remember to go through your lease and make sure that the lease specifies how and when the security deposit should be returned.”Lee suggests that, in order to get back as much of your security deposit as possible, you do the following:“Throughout your lease, make sure to report damages or appliance malfunctions that aren’t your fault immediately. Be sure to keep records including, photos, emails, or letters.”“Inspect the unit carefully and take pictures of damages prior to moving into the apartment. The results of your inspection, if anything, should be reported immediately to your landlord and you should get a written agreement from the landlord ensuring that you won’t be held liable. This way, the landlords have no reasons to withhold your security deposit.”Miller also has a suggestion for recouping your security deposit ahead of schedule:“When you are negotiating your rent and if a deposit is required, ask the landlord if they will consider doing a refundable deposit after six or twelve months of on-time payments.  â€œThat way you get those funds back provided you pay your rent on time each month.”When it comes to utilities, Miller says that “Most utility companies will require a deposit if you have poor credit.”“A deposit can be as little as one month worth of service, or as much as one year of service in extreme cases.”He also says that “in extreme climate areas this can be as much as $2,500, but that is pretty uncommon.”“In terms of utilities,” says Lee, “a landlord should not refuse to provide all the basic utilities based on the tenant’s credit score. As long as you can prove that you can afford the rents, your credit shouldn’t have an impact on utilities included in the apartment.”“Of course, it might be hard to have the landlord provide electricity, wifi, etc., as a bad credit does make a difference when it comes to a person’s reliability,” she says.But even if you have bad credit, you still have rights.Having a bad credit might mean that you have fewer options as a prospective tenant, but it doesn’t give landlords the right to treat you poorly.According to Miller, “A landlord is required by law to have a uniform set of standards for accepting an applicant.”“If their rules do not include reviewing credit, then they cannot review your credit either.”“Additionally,” he says, “if you are denied acceptance based on your credit, you can request a copy of the report they used to deny you.”“Once you sign the lease,” says Lee, “the landlord is responsible for everything that’s covered in the lease and certain rights as a tenant.” Those rights include:Right to livable premisesRight to complain and organizeRight to possession, privacyRight to receive servicesRight to fair, equal treatmentRight to transfer rights, obligations“Your credit should not have any impact on the rights you enjoy as a tenant!” says Lee, a sentiment with which we definitely agree.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsEric Bowlin (@EricJBowlin) is a real estate investor and founder of idealrei.com, a website about achieving financial independence through real estate investing . He started investing in 2009 and was able to achieve his dream of financial independence in 2016 at the age of 30.Shane Lee  (@RentHop) is a communications strategist at Renthop, a national apartment rental site based in NYC, and regularly spends time speaking with renters, landlords, and real estate brokers to keep up with the ever-changing tide of the US rental markets. Her efforts have helped RentHop expand into new markets and better serve renters looking to find their new home.Nathan Miller (@rentec) founded Rentec Direct in 2009 which is a cloud based software company that services the landlord and property management industry.   Today they work with over 13,000 landlords and property managers in the US by providing them automation software, tenant screening, online rent payments, and education to effectively and efficiently manage their rentals.

Critical Summary Of Cathedral By Raymond Carver - 1223 Words

Critical Summaries 1-4 1. â€Å"Cathedral† – Raymond Carver This story is told in the first person, depicting the narrator’s experience meeting his wife’s friend Robert. The characters in the story are Bub, the narrator, his wife, and the blind man, Robert. Bub’s wife is caring, empathetic, and affectionate; Robert is kindhearted, appreciative, and open to new experiences. In contrast, Bub is closed to new experiences, selfish, and judgmental. The story takes place in Bub’s home, primarily in his living room, where the three talk about many different things. The wife’s role in the story is to give premise for Robert’s visit, and to keep Bub in check, behaviorally. Robert serves as a contrasting personality to Bub, and his life experience is†¦show more content†¦Bub is unable to empathize with Robert’s disability, and judges him harshly for being blind. He makes snide comments and remarks, such that his dead wife needn’t worry about makeup or wearing matching garments, because Ro bert can’t see her anyway. However, after sharing a large meal, drinking lots of alcohol, and smoking marijuana, Bub makes himself open to being understanding, and becomes less standoffish. When asked to draw the cathedral, he realizes that he doesn’t need to open his eyes to see it. This revelation immediately allows him to empathize with Robert, and completely shatters his previous position. It is implied that Bub has experienced a new level of personal growth, and will likely view the world differently with it. 2. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† – Edgar Allen Poe Another story told in the first-person, â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher† is told from the perspective of an unnamed narrator, as he visits a childhood friend, Roderick Usher. The only other major character in the story is Madeline Usher, Roderick’s twin sister. The story takes place in Roderick’s manor, which has fallen into a state of extreme disrepair. The narrator takes note of this dilapidation, and the estate’s condition becomes a key theme in the story. Roderick’s quarters are dimly lit, with barely any light coming in through the windows. Later in the story, a severe storm hits, and the Narrator is in his room as the estate weathers it. In summary, this

Teenager Case Study Substance Abuse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1056 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? For youth leaders, this is a study of a teenager who has a substance abuse problem and was released from a detention center. It involves a seventeen old male who abuses marijuana, alcohol, and ecstasy; and is also the son of two ministers. This story should help readers understand the dynamics involved with a teenage drug user and will also help youth leaders develop effective skills for reaching out to a troubled teen in need of support, especially after incarceration. A seventeen-year-old male, Jimmy, lived in a middle-class suburb. Jimmy was referred to me by his sister, because she felt my knowledge and past experiences might be helpful in reaching him. Later on I decided to meet and conduct an interview at his house, with his sister present in an adjacent room. During the conversation, several facts emerged. Jimmy had been in trouble with the legal system, mostly for drug possession and motor vehicle infractions. He said he had been kicked out of high school because of his drug use. He had been using alcohol and marijuana since he was about 13. He had more recently been taking ecstasy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Teenager Case Study: Substance Abuse" essay for you Create order When asked why he used drugs, he claimed it reduced his boredom and provided a way to escape and have fun. Additionally, it was discerned that his father worked long hours (in the mental health field), and was basically absent from the family. Later, I learned that his father denied his son’s habits. The family, which also includes a younger 16-year-old brother, had gone to see a therapist but Jimmy was an unwilling participant. Jimmy noted that he does have a problem with authority figures, like the police, because he believes they are corrupt. Jimmy did admit that police have a job to do, in terms of protecting people from harmful practices. Jimmy also realized that there are consequences of drug use and that he was headed for a state prison sentence if he did not improve his actions. He learned that his mother could be arrested under law if he had drugs in her house; this bothered Jimmy. I researched about what state prison was like and told him all about it. Throughout the intervention, then I listened and affirmed the young man without condoning his bad behavior. In the end, I gained his trust and told him that his personal feelings would be kept confidential. I recommended that Jimmy be careful when he with his peers, and I encouraged him to select a friend who would help hold him accountable. I shared my phone number with him. Jimmy’s behavior improved. The relationship between teens and drugs has been around for decades; however, this is not what you would call positive. Substance abusing (which is using drugs or alcohol in ways than can cause physical harm) is often associated with crime. But why do youths take drugs? Youth take drugs for the following reasons: social disorganization, peer pressure, family factors, emotional, or rational choice. Social disorganization deals with drug abuse to poverty and disorganized urban environment. Drug use by youth minority group members has been tied to factors such as racial prejudice, low-esteem, social status, and stress produced from environment. The National Youth Survey found that drug use tends to be higher among urban youths. From my past experiences, although I lived in a small country, in my school the drug problem was bad and the police officer and teachers that worked at my high school had no idea whatsoever what was going on right under their noses seriously, I remember people at football games found this place behind a shed where no one went and they used to smoke and do drugs, it was bad. But of course no one could say anything about anything they saw otherwise that person will get death threats and get their tires slashed in the parking lot and have to go to homecoming fearing for their life. Like one time I remember this girl said something and everyone in the school hated her and she was instantly unpopular. So yes there is a huge drug problem and getting students to rat each other out is so not going to happen. In a perfect world maybe, but in the real world, not a chance. Jimmy is a classic case of a lonely teenager who is never with his parents and is basically always hanging out with his friends which are a very bad influence. The pattern that I recognize from Jimmy is that he has been wanting to get his parents attention and the only way he gets it, is by consuming excessive alcohol or illegal drugs. Teens feel alone at home and family. They look for something attractive that pleases them. They dont get enough attention from parents. They were not used to get enough attention when they were kids. But when they were kids there were a lot of childish things that could make them busy and temporarily happy. But when they reach 14, those things can not attract them anymore. They still suffer from lacking of attention and the things that could be a relief for them, have lost their attraction. So they look for new things. Definitely these new things cannot be found in family. They are already disappointed about family. Parents should be trained and educated about these things. They should know that all of these problems come because of lack of attention from one or both parents. One hour attention to children and teens saves hundreds of hours of therapy in future. It prevents a lot of problems that addiction is only one of them. By interviewing Jimmy I found that teenagers see taking / using drugs are just a way of teenage-hood, most youth will try some sort of drug, maybe just to try it out or maybe for a reason. This teen said he has taken drugs because it was something to do, and everyone else around him was doing it and it was seen â€Å"cool† to take drugs and that it was a way to escape from the real world. Interviewing Jimmy was very interesting because I could sort of relate what he is going through from when I was in high school. Luckily Jimmy is acting on time before he goes to the wrong path and becomes a failure in life.

Rei Sustainability Case Free Essays

To: Council of Executive Vice Presidents Date: 1th of November, 2012 From: Anders F? dder Subject: Evaluation of REI’s sustainability goals I am writing in response to your inquiry regarding the plausibility of maintaining the continuous growth of the company as well as satisfying its sustainability goals. The following sections will address the three issues, mentioned by top management, by first describing them, then interpreting them and lastly they will be evaluated. Conclusion and recommendations will be based on this. We will write a custom essay sample on Rei Sustainability Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now REI focus greatly on the impact that their business has on the environment. They continuously work on finding new and innovative solution that will help reduce these negative effects. Their corporate mission emphasises this commitment: â€Å"At REI, we inspire, educate and outfit for a lifetime of outdoor adventure and stewardship† REI’s stewardship priorities: * Encourage the active conservation of nature Inspire the responsible use and enjoyment of the outdoors * Enhance the natural world and our communities through responsible business practices * Foster opportunities to increase participation in human-powered outdoor recreation * Maintain REI as an employer of choice, where employees are highly engaged in the vision of the company and are representative of our communities The CEO, Kevin Hagen, also stated that these financial and environmental goals and aspiration must be met without sacrificing either. Hagen advocated shifting to a framework of â€Å"no tradeoffs † thus making a paradigm shift; Innovation over compromise. Issue 1 First issue is whether the company’s stated sustainability goals and aspirations are consistent with its corporate mission and its stated stewardship objectives that are listed above. REI sustainability goals focus on three areas; energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission (carbon footprint) and reduction of waster to landfills. The company plans to add water, toxics, land use and social impact to this list in near future. Each of these areas has an aspiration for 2020, a goal for 2015 and a budget for the current year. Energy consumption REI has taken different initiatives to increase their energy efficiency by switching to new renewable power sources wherever possible. They mission is to keep their energy consumption at a fixed level despite opening new stores. One the ways they do this is by investing in self-generation options such as solar technology. Their ways of managing their energy use and increasing efficiency include: * Solar technology in many of our stores * Lighting: * Elimination of all incandescent bulbs from our retail stores * Installation of highly energy-efficient bulbs and fixtures * Greater reliance on skylights and natural lighting Heating cooling (HVAC): * Aggressive retrofitting and replacement of outdated HVAC equipment with sophisticated new models * Centralized monitoring * Energy-saving techniques such as on-demand ventilation and airflow * Measurement of our stores’ energy efficiency against similar buildings nationwide with the ENERGY STAR benchmarking tool Greenhouse gas emissi on (GHG) The aspiration for 2020 concerning GHG was to be climate neutral. Their goal for 2015 was to cut GHG by 50 percent compared to 2010 emissions. The budget for each year was a specific target in tons of CO2 that was defined by the 2015 goal. REI looked at many aspects of their business in order to reach this goal. These were not limited by their own specific action within REI. They look beyond themselves and try to change the way their employees and suppliers act to. The list include: employee commuting and travel, travel by customers participating in REI Adventures programs from their homes to the site of program, transportation of products from vendors to the company and shipments to customers. However, they have not included customer transportation to and from the stores. REI provides meaningful incentives for their employees to reduce the environmental impacts of commuting and corporate travel. These include: * A 50 percent transit subsidy * Showers and secure bike storage at every REI facility * Telecommuting options at our headquarters location * Web conferencing and other technology tools In 2011, REI partnered with The Nature Conservancy to implement an afforestation project on the Bayou Bartholomew property in Louisiana, which will restore forest continuity with the adjacent Chemin-a-Haut State Park. Funding provided voluntarily by REI Adventures will finance the future retirement of carbon offsets from this project. Through this effort, REI supported The Nature Conservancy’s restoration of this forest ecosystem, as well as the design of a carbon project. This carbon project has been validated and registered through a credible third-party certification system (the Verified Carbon Standard). The effort will contribute to long-term systemic change, benefitting the atmosphere and the forest ecosystem, and has been designed to produce verifiable carbon offsets in the future. Though REI would seek new and innovative solutions to all aspects within the company, there is at least one were they could only offset rather than reduce. REI’s largest source of GHG emissions was REI Adventures which generated 31 percent of its total, namely flying members to adventure destinations. This exception was dealt with by purchasing carbon offsets as a part of the travel package, paid by REI. Reduction of waste to landfills REI aspiration for 2020 was to have no waste to landfills and cut waste to landfills by half between 2010 and 2015. In order to achieve this, they strive to make their packaging shipping operations as efficient as possible. They work with vendors, shipping companies and industry colleagues to pioneer new approaches to this complex situation. One example of this is how they reinvented the way bicycles were packaged and shipped. The bikes, shipped in cardboard boxes from china, was packaged in parts and assembled at one location in the US from where they were sent to the stores. The extensive packing, taped and stapled together, held the parts and assembled bikes securely but was difficult to assemble and disassemble. REI revised this process in way that allowed them to reuse the carton over and over again. Essentially, the same cartons that was used from the manufacturer in China, was used throughout the supply chain and returned to China, to once again be use. Thereby recycling all the materials rather than sending it to landfills. This decreased the cardboard consumption by more than 60 percent. Additionally they saved more than $1 million in annual labour hours due to reduced time required to pack and unpack bikes. Recap REI saw a rise in its net carbon impact during 2010. But the increase was smaller than overall company growth during the year, as measured by sales. Overall, the company used 2. 4% less energy in its facilities, despite adding four new stores and relocating two retail locations to larger spaces. Other sustainability efforts include purchasing 58. 4% Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified paper fiber, and recycling 74% of total operational waste, including more than 95% at REI’s two distribution centers. Community efforts included 109,785 volunteer hours committed through 541 REI-hosted conservation projects to plant trees, restore trails, and clean parks and streams. The company also funded $3. 7 million in grants provided to 330 nonprofit partners with a focus on conservation and outdoor recreation. However, REI is transferring renewable energy certificates generated by their solar panels. Since they do not claim credit for reducing carbon when doing so, this is creating a problem in terms of reaching carbon zero. A challenge they must overcome if they intend to reach their aspirations. REI could further reduce their GHG by reevaluating the use of New Zealand as a destination. Many locations on North American (e. g. Alaska, Canada, and the Rocky Mountains) continent have similar location to offer, and seeing that New Zealand is half away around the world, this could be an effective substitution. Exhibit three displays the progress of reaching the 2015 goals. Is shows the actual status of all three areas in e. g. the first quarter of 2011, the plan for 2011, the trajectory for 2015 and the goal for 2015. Though the trajectories for 2015 for all three are above the goal, one can see from the actual status for 2011, that they are all fairly close if not under the plan for the same year. So despite the gloom trajectory for 2015 REI is indeed on the right path. Issue 2 The second issue was identifying the potential risks with REI adopting the â€Å"No Trade-offs† approach articulated by the corporate social responsibility group, seen from a managerial performance measurement perspective. The â€Å"No trade-offs† approach presents several risks. It can prove be expensive, not only in the solutions required to fulfil but also the hours it take to reach them. As the CEO aspires innovation over comprise, the employees will always have to look for new ways of performing tasks. This takes time and time is money. This is also a very black and white approach leaving none or very little wiggle room. The employees need to stay within the parameters and in some cases they might be looking for solutions that are simply not there. Again, this is time consuming and will undoubtedly make REI miss out on additional earnings lost by looking in other fixed directions. REI has set the bar high and this might also have a negative effect on the people working to find the solutions. If the goals seem too impossible, it might demotivate rather than inspire thus lowering the morale among the workforce. However, by setting a more reasonable goal for 2015 this is somewhat counteracted. Recap So there are several risks by the â€Å"No trade-off† approach, but REI seems to get around them. The company is still growing and still finding ways to lower their influence on the environment. The Workplace section also notes that REI has been included on Fortune magazine’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for† list for 14 consecutive years. The company has a 79% employee retention rate. Issue 3 The third issue was to evaluate the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission. The goals for environmental sustainability were set by the office of CEO. They were included in the company’s non-financial KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). The CSR group is tasked to carry them out, however they also make the recommendation to the office of the CEO on which the goals are based. This could create internal problematic situation as it is the same people who make the recommendations for the goals as well as carrying them, though some tasks are overseen by other departments than CSR. However, REI take a comprehensive view of their environmental impact using a framework that reflects the work of the Outdoor Industry Association’s Eco Working Group. They have established key performance metrics for e. g. the three before mentioned areas, and in 2011, they implemented measurement and reporting tools that enables them to forecast, budget and review their progress in these areas. These metrics tie directly into strategic and financial planning for key REI divisions, and results are assessed quarterly by company leadership. REI also became a member of bluesign technologies in 2008. The program requires tight manufacturing controls in mills and factories in order to be certified. This approach will provide greater supply chain transparency in support of REI’s goal of reducing the environmental impact of its products. The transparency will also allow them to make a more precise assessment of their impact, as they will have greater access to their suppliers’ information regarding manufacturing. Recap Based on this I deem the validity of the company’s approach to measuring its carbon emission as high. How to cite Rei Sustainability Case, Essay examples

Creating Collaborative Organization Persist - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Would you consider paying each partner a salary that reflected their expertise, experience or ability to generate business for partnership? If so, how would you determine the impact of such factors on salary of each partner? Answer: Yes, salary will be paid to partners as it will provide a tax benefit to partnership business as well as it will provide motivation to partners to work effectively for the betterment of business and self. Organizations are likely to choose partnership as business structure as it adds shared value through mutual efforts. However, organizations might have diverse frameworks and strategies, for this aspect they can operate together to achieve their common objectives and shared goals. A partnership is considered as a relationship of give-and-take which can thereby reinforce the ability of the organization to ensure long-term collaboration and support. In order to accomplish potential partnerships benefit, organizations are required to be prepared in every aspect (Bushe, 2017). While providing a salary of partners, various factors will be considered such as expertise, experience and ability to generate business for partnership. Impact of these factors of the salary of partner is enumerated as below: Job experience: It is essential to thoroughly document experiences when it comes to the skills and knowledge an individual is searching to obtain, the high experience can increase the range of job types. Extraordinary experience may result in out of range payment; it may also result in lack of job offers due to over-qualification (Katzenbach and Smith, 2015). If one partner is having experience of 10 years in the industry while other is having 2-year experience, then it will not be fair to have equal pay. Further; experience partner can provide significant advantages to business in terms of strategies and provide contacts, and same will assist in increasing profit of the business. Location: Geography has an important role in the pay-scale, and also makes 100 percent difference in job offers. it might not be considered that pay in highest dollars is the best, but one must consider the living cost while determining how much a salary is really worth. Due to this factor; salary will be decided by considering opportunity cost and living cost of the area in which business operates. Salary History:The payment offered in the previous jobs sets the stage for what will be offered in the new business, it can be positive or negative. It is a part where individuals are searching for career opportunities might consider themselves as over-compensated and unqualified for positions they look for due to previously earned salaries (Bilodeau and et al., 2017). Thus partners will be paid higher in comparison to their previous salaries so they can be satisfied with their job and pay status. Educational Attainment: Often partnership demand high-education and experience, and those who surpass them can get high compensations as compared to those who dont. Pulling things together, the institution that confers degree does matter, as it tells how much they earn. Certifications held: In a situation where certification is relevant to the position, recent documentation can increase pay between partners. For the individuals competing for a position in the partnership business, certifications can assist in employing owners that distinguish between the good and best ones (Ennis and Semple, 2016). Some of the organizations realize and compensate on the basis certification directly and clearly, the mainstream considers credentials, but their position in salary computations is infrequently transparent. Demonstrate soft skills: Best partners are those who track with records and prove their abilities to act and work effectively. Along with this, they are able to manage themselves as well as other people and complex projects. Furthermore, a well-certificated record is a great key to demonstrate the high development of soft skills. Publications, honours, awards: Individuals been published in their positions, or have gained rewards or honours from high societies or relations can provide further skills, accomplishments and knowledge. This factor can provide goodwill to partnership business, and partner will get paid for the same (Katzenbach and Smith, 2015). This can assist in distinguishing among good, immense or job promotion applicants. This value is predominantly based on prestige. Thus it will not makes any huge difference in salary. Employee Tenure and Performance: Conventionally, a partner pay increase with the years of knowledge, experience and services, as their progress is regarded with more dependency and effectiveness. Although, the rapid increase in demand in the global economy higher the productivity level, the pay system of the organization can also help in improving their performance. For most of the partners, the main goal is to combine the compensation and rewards schemes with strategic initiatives about customers, development and profitability, to become highly competitive in the market. By considering above described factors salary of partners will be determined to ensure fair remuneration strategy in business. References Bilodeau, A., Galarneau, M., Fournier, M.D., Potvin, L., Sncal, G. and Bernier, J., 2017. Self-Evaluation Tool for Action in Partnership. Bushe, G.R., 2017. Creating collaborative organizations that can persist: The partnership principle.OD Practitioner,49(3), pp.23-29. Ennis, C. and Semple, A.L., 2016. Modeling partnerships: Exploring a whole of region approach to partnership development and management. InThe Gold Sponsor of the ACEN 2016 Conference was Intersective, supporting work-integrated learning in Australia(p. 166). Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K., 2015.The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press.

Hotel Chains and Marriott International free essay sample

In the following paper, I would like to focus on Ritz Carlton, Inc. , a leading lodging company with over 3,100 lodging properties in the United States and 66 other countries and territories (Marriott International, Inc. Corporate Headquarters, 2008). My key task is to discuss market segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies of the company with the following brands: Marriott Hotels Resorts and Courtyard by Marriott in the same marketplace, Asia-Pacific. As the fast expansion in economy of Asia-Pacific, the hospitality industry has a bright perspective in this region. Especially in China, the hospitality industry during the past 30 years is a prime example of how the nation’s economy has also sharply developed. In recent years many big hotel chains became aware that seizing the market in Asia-Pacific is pretty important for their development. Marriott International is one of them. Since 1989, Marriott International has grown from one property in Asia-Pacific to over eighty properties. Over the past 16 years, Marriott has expanded its resort portfolio to include 15 resorts across the region. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Chains and Marriott International or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And in China since 1989, Marriott has grown from one property in Hong Kong to 32 hotels throughout the country (Marriott International, Inc. Corporate Headquarters, 2008). The hospitality industry today, customers don’t just need a place to stay and eat; people choose a hotel for more complex reasons like the location, hotel category and services provided. Given that the needs and wants became more and more unique, the target marketing for hotels became micromarketing. It is not only a local marketing for hotels to adjust in different location and cultural, but also an individual marketing for they provide tailored services to special guests and VIPs. For segmenting the consumer markets, we have to involve the geographic segmentation and behavioral segmentation. Hotels normally segment their markets between region and then by other means like behavior. After analyzing the market opportunities, the company has to evaluate the segment attractiveness and the company fit. The market Asia-Pacific did develop but obviously not all the segments are profitable. The main reason which make the industry increase could be described as the Asia-Pacific became more and more western. The hotel developing trends turns to the guest who demands the international hotel, which has better service, higher theology of facilities and delightful amenities. Add that many developing countries change their policy to foreign investors to a better climate. The big hotel chains have a good chance to develop their middle luxury market segments. Since Ritz Carlton already entered the market over 16 years, there were many resources used to develop it in these middle luxury segments. As the hospitality marketing is micromarketing, and the Marriott hotel group is a big chain, this company used differentiated marketing to target the market segments. It has four different brands in Asia-Pacific: The Marriott, JW Marriott, Renaissance and Courtyard. They target in different segments: The Marriott is an all service hotel and resorts brand for the achievement guest who are seeking inspiring performance. JW Marriott Hotels and Resorts is Marriott Hotels and Resorts luxury brand extension. The target gust also is achievement people but demand a high level of personal service. Renaissance Hotels and Resorts target the enjoyment guest. These guests cherish the life well lived which means the Tech-savvy consumers like Gen X and Y. Courtyard is a brand designed to meet the needs of business travelers who desired a high quality lodging experience along with the basic needs they value most in a hotel, at moderate pricing. It is a flagship brand of quality tier, full service hotels and resorts and provides consistent, dependable and genuinely caring experiences to guest on their terms. The Marriott brand has become synonymous with exceptional quality, service and value, which have lead to consistent growth in Marriott properties through the Asia-Pacific region. As the brand continues to expand worldwide, the strategy to achieve an even greater brand preference is centered on the brand positioning of inspired performance and the goal to win over achievement guests with experiences that reflect and respond to their priorities. By combining this experience strategy with the brand’s unwavering commitment to operational excellence, Marriott Hotels and Resorts will continue to solidify its leadership position as an industry innovator. When it comes to brand positioning, Marriott Hotels and Resorts focuses on the Achievement Guest, individuals who are driven to perform who thrive in excellence whether it is for their company, their family or their own sense of accomplishments. There are three brand pillars that provide the foundation for the services, features and amenities our hotels provide to inspire the achievement guest. The professional, performance driven side of our guest and hotels, for example, large, well lit ergonomic work desks that pivot to enable the guest to create a conducive environment in their rooms. Purposeful luxury and more personal elements of the guest’s stay, for example, aromatherapy bath products, connectivity panels on a high definition TV to enable guests to connect personal entertainment devices such as iPods, and 200 thread count sheets. The culture is warm, friendly, sincere service built on our sprit to serve and providing a refreshing human touch in today’s hectic world. After researching all of the aspects of the marketing segmentation, targeting and positioning of the company, it is quite clear that this company is fully aware of the marketing situation and is quite successful at applying various marketing strategies and tools

Traditional Antibiotics That Can Be Found Essays

Traditional Antibiotics That Can Be Found Essays Traditional Antibiotics That Can Be Found Essay Traditional Antibiotics That Can Be Found Essay Traditional antibiotics that can be found in the local drugstore are used to fight against the common cold or common infection and indiscriminately kills everything at once. There are many reasons why instantly going for antibiotics when something goes wrong with our bodies is something that shouldnt be done regularly. Antibiotics have brought an age of resistant bacteria which means that they are unaffected by he antibiotics because they have adapted to not be affected by them. This in turns makes it more difficult to fight against them. This means that increased dosages or antibiotics that are stronger must be used which can have more severe side effects. And so, in response to the current day problem with antibiotics, researchers from the university of Rockefeller have been working on a smarter way to fight bacteria using programmable antibiotics which specifically targets the antibiotic resistance genes and cuts it out of the DNA sequence. By using the bacterial enzyme known as Case, the researchers were successful in getting it to target a particular DNA sequence and remove it from the bacteria. This new approach could reduce the risk of C. Dif (which is an infection of the colon) and they were able to get Case to target the specific sequence by

Required Changes for a Company with Organizational Problems Coursework

Required Changes for a Company with Organizational Problems - Coursework Example Pensions became an important issue for European workers, who were becoming some of the biggest losers in the three-year stock-market downturn. Falling share prices combined with longer retirements left many company pension plans far short of the amounts expected to be necessary, over the long term. The result was: wholesale shifts in the retirement plans companies were offering their employees, and in the way, workers must plan for old age. The poverty of many pensioners today was a real crisis, of an unprecedented nature.The issue was most pressing in the U.K., where company-funded pension plans, often tied to salaries, made up a bigger portion of retirement income than elsewhere in Europe and where companies had traditionally put about three-quarters of their pension funds in the stock market.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The schemes guaranteed members a pension income based on the number of years of service and the salary when the worker left the company. Companies said these plans had now become too expensive to maintain. Faced in many cases with huge deficits, they had a stark choice: either shore up the fund with hefty payments that could cut into profits - and hurt their share price - or cut back on pension benefits. Hence, these pension schemes were replaced with less-costly plans in which companies contributed money but did not guarantee a level of benefit. Actuaries said that many companies that closed their pension plans to newcomers, ended up closing them to existing members also, a few years later. From the companies’ perspective: many schemes have seen their funds shrink as a result of the stock market falls. In such cases, firms faced the possibility of having to make up any shortfall between the assets of the final salary scheme and the benefits promised to members. Companies were unwilling to contribute further funds into pension schemes.

Research methods and Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research methods and Skills - Essay Example been found to leach from plastic products, more so in high temperatures and basic or acidic conditions, such as during autoclaving.2 This becomes more alarming with the pressing problem of global warming.3 Food is also considered the most significant source of BPA exposure worldwide. In fact, BPA has already been detected in almost all of urine samples collected from USA.4 When BPA is imbibed, it is metabolized by the liver into BPA glucuronide, which is excreted through the urine.5 BPA is an estrogenic monomer that binds weakly to nuclear estrogen receptors. In fact, its binding to estrogen receptors is 1000 – 10, 000-fold lower than the natural hormone E2.6 Currently, it is now polymerized to make polycarbonate plastic, which is now extensively used in the manufacture of food and beverage cans and dental materials. The potency of BPA partly results from the low dose needed to produce a physiologic response. This is because the activation of the effector is longer than the actual hormone-receptor binding, or the number of receptors is greater than the number of molecules. Thus, despite the low affinity of BPA to the receptor, low concentrations still initiate a response. In fact, the linear concentration between receptor occupancy and hormone concentration is preserved only up to 10% receptor occupancy. Above this, saturation of response occurs first, and saturation of receptor follows.7 BPA mimics the activity of 17ÃŽ ²-estradiol, posing a strong estrogenic activity. With just 10 – 20 nM, it was seen to competitively bind to estrogen receptors, proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, induction of progesterone receptors, and reversal estrogen action by tamoxifen. It induces proliferative and stimulatory changes in estrogen targets.8 There is a major concern to public health due to its high potential for human exposure and to its demonstrated toxicity (endocrine disruptor effect). A growing number of health experts and consumers are becoming concerned

Caring for People with Intellectual Disabilities

Caring for People with Intellectual Disabilities 2.2 Example of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Prematurity and low birth weight predict serious problems more often than any other conditions. Difficulties in the birth process such as temporary oxygen deprivation cause intellectual disability. Source: The Arc for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities . (n.d.). Retrieved from www.thearc.org/page.aspx?pid=2453. Main characteristics: The main characteristic of low birth baby is that they may have breathing problems. If the baby is born to soon there is a great chance that the baby’s lungs will be underdeveloped because of that they may have problems in receiving oxygen. The baby may also have trouble in maintaining a normal body temperature and they may become hypothermic( too cold) Example 2: Trauma: It occurs because of serious injury. We can say a serious shock to the body due to violence or accident. Source: AAIDD American Association on Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://aaidd.org/docs/default-source/events/harvey-trauma-8-15.pdf. Main characteristics: They may have difficulties in concentration due to painful memories or thoughts. They may face difficulty in sleep. Because of that they feel tired. 2.3 Give two examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day to day support needs of the person. Example 2: Meningitis: meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the covering of the brain and spinal cord. It is most of caused by infection but can also be produced by chemical irritation, subarachnoid, cancer and other conditions. Bacterial meningitis may result in brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities, behaviour changes, high fever, sensitivity to light and confusion. Source: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/meningitis/en/. Task 3: Describe condition frequently associated with the intellectual disability. Condition 1: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Cause: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is growth, physical and mental problems. It mainly affects the baby when a mother consumes alcohol during her pregnancy. Source: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/6/11-020611/en/. Physical support: provide them loving, nurturing and stable home life. However children with foetal alcohol syndrome have harmful relationship, therefore early diagnoses have more positive outcome.it also help the family members to understand the reaction and behaviour of the child. Assist them with daily living activities like showering, toileting, dressing and feeding. Provide them physiotherapy so they can make their muscle strong. Regular medical check-up is also helpful to maintain their health. Social support: As the children with foetal alcohol syndrome are very hyperactive. Behaviour management training is very useful for them. This will help them to learn about manners and how they can release their stress. they may have difficulty to interact with different people so provide them opportunities for friendship. Take them out and involve them into social activities. Cognitive support: Provide them education about good behaviour. Provide them planned and reasonable methods to education.so that they can improve their ability to think more effectively. Provide them educational opportunity like they can join some educational programme where they can learn new skills. Condition 2: Autism Causes: no study has found the exact cause of autism but the researchers has pointed out few possible factors which includes genetic (heredity), metabolic or neurological factors, infections and problems during birth. Source: World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/qa/85/en/. Physical support: The person with autism may find difficulties in activities of daily living. They may find difficulties in showering, toileting, dressing, undressing and feeding. We can help them to do their personal care and in feeding. We can provide occupational therapy for them.it will help them to manage their stress and they can feel relax. We can also help them to set their routine. Social support: they may have difficulty to interact with different people so provide them opportunities for friendship. Take them out and involve them in different activities like social club or offer specific advice about interaction. Help them to learn social rules using logic like how they have to talk and behave with others, manners and body language. Cognitive support: we can provide them speech and language therapy it will help them to learn speech and language skills.so that they can speak clearly. Parent and family member can learn how to play and interact with their child in way that permote cognitive skill. We can provide them some mind games like bingo or quiz so that they can use their mind.it will help them to think logically. Condition 3: Prader – Willi Syndrome CAUSE: Prader – Willi Syndrome is caused by a gene missing on part of chromosome 15. Basically, parents release a copy of this chromosome. In most cases patients with prader – willi syndrome have missing the genetic material on part of the father chromosome. Other patients with this problem have two pairs of the mother’s chromosome 15. Source: Main characteristics: Children with Prader- willi syndrome may have poor muscle tone. They may feel floppy or rag dolls when they are held.Elbows and knees loosely extended due to poor muscles tone instead of stable. People with Prader willi syndrome may have different facial feature. They may have almond shaped eyes, a narrowing of the head at the temple and turned down mouth etc. Motor development often delays with this syndrome. They may have delay in sitting up and walking. they also have speech delay problem. Physical support: Children with prader willi syndrome are at higher risk of developing fatness or size due to excessive eating. The proper weight management can be helpful for them to maintain their weight. If they want to eat more and more distract their mind by giving them other activities like music, games. Set an exercise plan so that they can become strong. Social support: we can provide social support to the children/person with prader willi syndrome. We can take them out or take them in interesting places. Where they can engage with other people and can connect with them socially. We have to give them some activities that are not related to food so that they cannot concentrate only on food. Encourage them to join some support clubs. there are many clubs who support to the children with this syndrome. They help them to interact socially with people and help them to manage their diet. Cognitive support: provide them education. They might have speech problem and learning problems. Provide them a speech therapist so that they can learn some speech skills. Educate them about managing their own diet and how they can make a routine about their regular diet.

In this portfolio I will take you on the journey which I myself have travelled on throughout my IB theatre programme Essay

In this portfolio I will take you on the journey which I myself have travelled on throughout my IB theatre programme. Within this portfolio I will portray the processes which we as a group went through in order to create our devised piece as well as how we applied our knowledge and understanding from our experiences into our performance design. The Stimuli Our production began with each member of the group producing a stimulus. Before presenting their ideas we decided that we should individually analyse the stimuli and see what we as individuals could come up with. We did this before the member of the group voiced their ideas on their chosen stimulus so that we had the opportunity to take the stimulus along different paths and elaborate different ideas and amalgamate them together. Belo is our stimulus’ and our ideas which we had on each. After having discussed the available options which included images, music and objects of sentimental value we decided to use my stimuli. My stimulus was of a newspaper article that had been widely distributed throughout the UK. We then discussed the direction we wished to take with our chosen stimuli. We again split into different areas of the room to individually assess our dilemma. Below is the mind map which I created at this time. After thorough discussion we agreed upon the concept of using a ‘current affairs dilemma’ in order to solve our own. Our group was fascinated by the political outrage that Iran had caused with America in regards to capital punishment on women. The Research and Development of the plot Thorough research shown how on the 20th September 2010 Iranian Government publicly accused the US of ‘Double Standards’ in a newspaper article published in ‘The Guardian’. Centred on a 43 year old Iranian, Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani and a 43 year old American Theresa Lewis. Ashtiani was issued with capital punishment in 2007 after it emerged that she had an illicit affair with a man after the death of her husband in 2006; this was later revoked and she was charged with adultery, manslaughter and the murder of her husband. After heavy media attention in 2010 and the international campaigns lead by her children, the US decided to interfere. It was at this point that the political and controversial debate first took form. Iran used the case of Theresa Lewis and the issues surrounding her low IQ of 72 in order label the US Government as a hypocrisy. As a group we decided to build upon the idea that this issue was now a well known moral dilemma in the eyes of the media and transfer this to our audience. Preparation of roles Due to a shortage in group members most people on role allocation ended up with multiple roles outside of casting. As a strong leader I was required to both direct and create our script. Other roles distributed included head of lighting, head of technology (computer, projections, music), Costume designer/set designer and also a physical movement leader. After having directed a scene in both our performances of ‘The Seagull’ Anton Chekhov and also our modernized performance of Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ I had already gained experience on my course for this role. Previously I had directed a scene from ‘The Seagull’ based upon the German movement in the 20th Century, Expressionism. I had began reviewing work from Georg Kaiser, Oskar Kokoschka and Ernst Toller whom were all highly influential playwrights. As I had already worked hard to gain understanding of this tradition I really hoped I would be able to use this experience. Following on from this I began thinking that maybe I could find a tradition for each country involved in order to uniquely apply my imagination to our piece. After thorough research however it was evident that Iran had not really adapted a specific practice in order for us to carry out this desire. Whilst researching I stumbled across the book pictured below and I was struck with the words â€Å"most people do not speak of theater and Iran in the same breath† By Willem Floor Because of this we decided to change tact and opt to symbolise the juxtaposition instead through lighting and staging. The Script As well as directing, my role was also to produce the script. After having seen a production of Willy Russell’s ‘Blood Brothers’ I was fascinated by the narration used. ‘Blood Brothers’ based upon the separation of two twin brothers at birth uses, a narrator to guide the play. I took inspiration from this and used the rhyming couplet format in order to symbolise the two women. Before penning the script we produced a flow chart collectively annotating the main plot and adding aspects of theatre which we had learnt on our journey. Below is a copy of our chart. After having an outline of things to be included in the script I began by listing all of the main things we wished the narrator to introduce in the play. We had a vision that the narrator would guide the play throughout through facts and that he would create a connection between the audience and the cast. Because of this the narrator’s speech was conducted first in its entirety. From here it really felt as though my script had a strong ‘spine’ on which to build our piece. As our piece began with a police interview we wished to keep it at a very simplistic level of speech just like that of a real interview. We decided on stage direction so that the interviewer was not visible throughout; leaving the actress playing Ashtiani alone on stage to symbolise how she was alone and not supported when interrogated. It was at this point that we reflected upon our past workshops based upon speech and theatrical forms in which we can convey speech. A workshop came to mind from the previous term where we had built upon the idea of a ‘sound collage’. A sound collage is where there is a build up of speech from multiple participants aimed at a particular subject. We decided that this would be a way of communicating to the audience a sense of anger or revolt; because of this we attached it to the chart in relation to the campaign against Astiani’s sentence as we felt this would have a strong effect. Another was that symbolism was used through my script writing was through Ashtiani and Lewis’ monologues; again showing how they were both alone yet in the same situation. We began our course creating a ‘one-person’ show based upon a real life event or experience which we had within our lives. Within my ‘one-person’ show I had a vast majority of my speech presented as a monologue and I wished to transfer my craftsmanship of producing monologues into our script. In order to create the monologues I first had to visualise the characters whom would be performing them. Because they were both real women I was able to complete a lot more thorough research into them gaining a better portrayal as them as individuals. From this I concentrated on themes and emotions which I wished to get across to my audience through the monologues. I learnt that Ashtiani and Lewis alike were very religious thus concentrated their monologues from a very philosophical and religious point of view: however I still kept in mind that their two religions were very different and ensured that I kept the appropriate context throughout (e.g. Allah instead of God for Ashtiani). Whilst researching our topic we had found that there had been a lot of media attention on both cases and we wished to portray to the audience just how much the media had been involved: also we wanted to show them how much people are influenced by the media. For the section of our chart where we introduce Teresa Lewis an idea was formed so that she would be introduced through a television broadcast. I began this section of the script by visualising a news reporter sat at a desk within the audience speaking directly at them. This idea developed and led us to have another cast member as a journalist actually interviewing Lewis at her correction centre. The idea of another interview type dialogue was to portray the two women’s differences in the way they were being interviewed and questioned. Allocating Roles To begin with it was decided that it would be best to create a mindmap of suggested roles that would need to be filled in order to go ahead with the production. Below is a copy of our mind map However we issued a problem when it came to the casting of roles. As we only had two female members of our group we were automatically cast as the two women. This then left us with three males to cover a total of six casting roles; because of this we had to organise ourselves in a way that allowed each male to cater to two parts without them conflicting. We managed to do this by using a theatre practice wisely after an idea emerged that the narrator would be in the style of a ‘Bunraku puppet master’ the ‘omozukai’. We were first introduced to Bunraku puppetry by our elder Baccalaureate students who provided us with a workshop. We decided that everything in the production should be under the narrators control like puppets would be; in a way the narrator could be seen as the controlling governments holding the women for their crime. Introducing this style allowed for a lot of stylised movement pieces throughout our performance. Characterisation After having been allocated our roles we wanted each cast member to fully understand their character whether it be an officer of the law, a journalist or one of the women themselves. We provided each member of the group with an image relating to their character Below is the image I was provided with along with how I answered certain questions given to me by my peers in order to develop my characterisation. It was at this point we experimented using a technique called ‘hot seating’ in order to enhance characterisation. We each took it in turns to be questioned in character. Everybody found it highly difficult at first however after a few minutes everyone managed to get the hang of it. We also brought in aspects we had learnt from our workshop on Stanislavski in how to apply his theories. We continued building on our characterisation by looking for resources. I found a particularly good resource online [2] from amnesty international which was not only personal but also highly emotive. In particular this helped me with my monologue as I was able to feel connected to my character in order to portray the appropriate emotions. There was a great discussion between the group as to whether we should apply accents or not. It was decided that we should not apply accents but that we should be highly expressive and use the gift of sound/speech in other more appropriate ways such as our sound collages. Movement From a very early stage of production I had a very vivid image of where I would ideally see the piece going in terms of movement. I really enjoyed both Kabuki theatre as well as improvised dance. We tried to incorporate the two into the scene that the Iranian officials came to collect Ashtiani’s lover. We tried a lot of improvised movements however found that the final product was much disorganised and we really wanted this scene to be both memorable and pivotal so we decided to journey down another path. Further discussion led us onto tableaux however after a short workshop this idea was also disregarded on the ground that the scene should have a content of movement in order to emphasise the brutal separation of the lovers. From this we organised a lesson where we explored the idea of using creative movement on the basis of a fight. We choreographed a routine using levels to show who was in control and also pace to highlight certain features. In the end the product for this movement piece in my eyes was highly effective in the way it showed the lovers being torn apart by their government and law. Masks Whilst developing our first scene we had to identify the difference in authority to the audience. We also had to show the difference in characters through this method due to the males playing more than one character. After having workshops on masks previously we were aware that the purpose of masks in Greek theatre was to signify the unity of a chorus: because of this we used them for our two Iranian officials as they had no speech during their time on stage. The idea of the masks was to create exaggerated facial features portraying the anger and authority associated with that scene yet at the same time disguise the actors true selves. The mask allowed us to show the contrast between the different levels of hierarchy within the scene as well as symbolise the isolation that the couple were feeling being faced with ‘masked intruders’. Music When devising our piece it was decided that our piece required two pieces of music. There was one necessary at the time of the movement scene where the Iranian couple are separated. We found a piece of music by ‘Radio head’ entitled ‘Talk show host’. The tempo of the song was highly appropriate to the atmospheric desire as it showed confusion, regret and desire all at once. The lyrics in the song such as ‘You want me? Well come on and break the door down†¦You want me?'[3] we believed were perfectly fitting for the scene. We were able to synchronise our movement so that our choreography was carried out in time to both the music and in time with other cast members. There was also another piece of music entitled ‘We are the World’ by ‘Lionel Richie and Michael Jackson’ to be played at the very end of the performance. This particular piece of music I believe thoroughly puts the world into perspective emphasising the importance of life which at the end of the performance is taken from the women. Lighting Due to there being two separate stories going on at one time on the stage the lighting was crucial. We used 2 spotlights (1 for each female character) with colour faded reflective lighting upstage. The flood lights used were chosen appropriately especially in terms of colour. For example green was used to portray coldness whereas red was used to show anger. We tried a variety of colours for the movement scene however in the end after a lot of trial and error we finally agreed on red fading through to blue to show the anger from the officials resulting in the blue for the loneliness and sadness. I really enjoyed experimenting with the lighting as not only did I learn a lot but we were also able to show the juxtaposition. Staging For our staging we tried to show the contrast through black and white flooring, curtains and backdrop. Not only did the black and white create the impression of harsh and soft but it also symbolised the two races. Below is a sketch of how we designed the set. The idea was that neither side crossed the boundary set out in the middle. We placed 2 old fashioned chairs back to back for the two women in the centre of the stage for them to be seated on at the end. Other than the 2 chairs there were no other props on the stage. Because we tried to use a very simplistic set design we compensated for this with a projector carefully placed to project newspaper headlines onto the white cloth background. Also attached to the backdrop was metal shackles which Ashtiani’s wrists were placed into to set the scene of her cell as well as show the restraints that she had against her: Lewis however had nothing but the chair and was not restrained in any way to show the two sides of the world two political views on law enforcement. As a whole I really enjoyed making the set as well as designing it. Although we encountered a few problems setting up the projector and laying out the flooring I was very happy with the outcome. The finished product was highly symbolic which was totally what we were aiming for. Bibliography [1] http://orangehouse.tumblr.com/post/778392704/campaign-for-iranian-woman-facing-death-by-stoning [2] http://www.amnesty.org.uk/actions_details.asp?ActionID=706 [3] http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/talk-show-host-lyrics-radiohead/193ae81bd7d8a3fb4825686600141d5f

Jobs on Human Resource and Criminal Justice Essay

There are a lot of jobs in Human Resource field. A job website shows fifty human resource jobs in New York, forty one in Atlanta, thirty nine in Houston, thirty five in Dallas, thirty one in Chicago, twenty two in Los Angeles, twenty in San Jose, twenty in Austin, and other around one hundred and twenty nine in other areas. There are different positions which are in demand and few of these are HR Administrative and HR Administrative Assistant in Le Parker Meridien, Human Resource Administrator in Bloomingdale’s, Human Resource Generalist in Advertising in Towne Search, Corporate Employee Benefits Specialist in Riddick Group-Executive, Business Office Manager, Human Resource Generalist in Impact Personnel,Inc, Payroll Administrator and HR Associate, HR Business partner, Human Resource Development, Time Attendance Administrator, Compensation and HRIS, Director Human Resource, Talent Representative, Attorney Recruiting Project Assistant, Global HR and Tech, International Compensation Manager, Employment Standards Relationship Manager, Benefits Coordinator, HR Operations Manager, Senior Implementation Manager, HRIS Analyst, Recruitment and Retention Coordinator, Director of Fun, HR is one of the most important functions in an organization and it needs to perform very carefully so that every decision taken is fair and transparent. The responsibility of HR is to make the employees comfortable and the work place an ideal one for them. The greater the efficiency of the human resources department, the better the workplace environment and the employee motivation to work in the organization (Robbins & Judge, 2004). Criminal Justice Job vacancies are also in the market but relatively less in number than HR jobs. There are approximately fifty one jobs available in UK, five in Wales, one in Scotland, forty two in England, four in Yorkshire and Humberside, two in East Midlands, twenty five in Greater London, two in East of England and five in South East. There is City Attorney position in, Madison Alabama, victim or witness coordinator in Hudson Wisconsin, Assistant County Attorney in Los Alamos New Mexico, and Police Officer in Madison Wisconsin. Other vacant position include Communications Officer paid approximately ? 15 to 16 per hour, Social Worker for a youth offending team paid ? 19 to 23 per hour, Probation Officer paid approximately ? 25 per hour, Secretary General in International Commission of Jurists, Counter Fraud Specialist, Probation Prosecutor, Domestic Violence trainer, Senior Consultants and many more. But the popular one and one with most number of vacancies is Youth Offending Team. Apart from YOT a lot of Social Workers are required in the market to intervene and prevent crime.

Prerequisite for comprehensive revelations in biotechnology patent application - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2478 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? PREREQUISITE FOR COMPREHENSIVE REVELATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY PATENT APPLICATION INTRODUCTION A patent is a monopoly right that has been granted to a person who has invented a new and useful article; or an improvement to an existing one or a new process of making an article. The patent consists of an exclusive right to manufacture the new invented or manufactured article according to the invented procedure for a period of limited period that is a period of 20 years in accordance to Indian Patent Act of 1970. An invention may be granted patents only when its core pre-requites of novelty, inventive step and capability of the invention in industrial applicability is met. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prerequisite for comprehensive revelations in biotechnology patent application" essay for you Create order The variance and disputes in the process of patenting products related to biotechnology ascend because the conception of patent law was made to placate the requirements of industrial technology. However, the initiation of biotechnology compelled the patent laws to be more aptly reformed to match the prerequisites of science and technology. The traditional concepts with regards to application for patents and other formalities were reformed to accommodate to the innovations made in the field of biotechnology. The three universally criteria of patentability are novelty, non – obviousness and industrial application or utility. These apply to all inventions including biotechnological inventions.[1] Nevertheless, patenting life or living beings is challenging because it is doubtful whether the patent protection will be granted to living matters. Bio technology inventions are difficult to describe. There is an ambiguity in considering biotechnology as an invention or as a discovery.[ 2] Hence it was realized that the requirements of the traditional patent law are not enough to test the patentability of the bio technological inventions due to the inherent complexities and technicalities. To overcome these issues, a solution was formulated in the form of deposits of the invention in any recognized depositories. The Budapest treaty recognizes international depositories where inventions relating to living matters may be deposited and maintained for the purpose of patent protection, and further it may be accompanied for patent application for further approval. The essential requirements that bio technological inventions for being granted patent require the subject matter to be patentable. The invention must have novelty and it must be non-obvious. Along with the above criteria, the parent must have some industrial utility. In addition to the above, in cases of biotechnological patents, there must be a written description of disclosure of the invention and the inventi on must be deposited in any recognized depositories.[3] NEED FOR COMPLETE DISCLOSURE The crucial document in the whole process of securing and relying upon a patent is the specification.[4] The description must be such that it must clearly allow the persons of ordinary skill in the art to recognize that the inventor invented what it has claimed.[5] Enablement i.e., how to be made and how to be used is a need for the patent practisers. The method of making an enabling disclosure is amply illustrated by the Indian Patent Act which provides that every specification shall fully and particularly describe the invention and is operation or use and the method by which it is to be performed. Section 64 of the Indian Patent Act, 1970 deals with revocation of a patent application on grounds of incomplete disclosure. Determining the insufficiency of the disclosure requires consideration of the particular invention, nature and state of development of the prior art, knowledge, kinds and deg ree of skills and experience of one killed in the art.[6] Best Mode: the Indian parent law requires an applicant for patent to set forth the best mode which beans the best experiments with the best conditions giving the best possible yield.[7] This disclosure is directed to those skilled in the art and once must consider the level of skill in the relavant art in determining whether a specification discloses the best mode or not. Budapest Treatyof 1977: this treaty was entered by states for the international recognition of the deposit of micro organisms for patent procedure.[8] Subsequent to the requirement of the TRIPS agreement, the indian patent act has been amended providing that, in the case of a mentioning of a biological material in the specification which may not be described in such a way as to satisfy the requirements for a specification, the application shall be completed by depositing the material in an International Depository Authority under the Budapest Treaty. T he same has been mentioned as a proviso (ii) to Section 10 sub clause (4). WRITTEN FORM OF DESCRIPTION An invention must be described in a written form. This is a necessary condition to be satisfied for the grant of patent. In addition to fulfilling the requirements such as novelty, non – obviousness and industrial application, an inventor must sufficiently disclose the invention known to the inventor.[9] The written description shall provide for details of the invention, in a complete, clear and concise manner and shall disclose the best mode of processing, making and using the invention to enable a person skilled in the art to utilize the invention. In general terms, the requirement is to disclose ‘how to make’ the invention and ‘how to use the invention’.[10] The requirement of written description of the invention serves the purpose of evaluating the inventor whether he does possess the invention at the time of filing the patent application. Written description is a public notice that the inventor possesses the invention. [11] The development of law relating to written description requirement is of recent origin. The requirement of written description was historically not well delineated. ***** It has recently come to represent a heightening of the patentability bar with respect to bio technology inventions. For many years the requirement was interpreted to mean description to enable a person skilled in the art to practice. With the advent of bio technology, patent offices and law courts started interpreting the requirement of written description stringently to check the scope of inventions of biotechnology. The requirement of written description is strictly imposed in order to confine and limit the scope of the invention to what is described in the application.[12] APPLICABILITY OF INDIAN PATENT ACT India is no different as far as written description of biotechnology inventions is concerned. The patents act stat es that the patent application shall be accompanied by the complete specification or provisional specification of the invention. The application must be accompanied by provisional or complete specification.[13]The patent act of 1970 deals with the patents that are claimed within the territory of India. Section 10[14] of the Patents Act, 1970 deals with clear and complete disclosure of the product or invention. Section 10(4) (a)[15] of the Act exemplifies the enablement and the requirements for written descriptions and on the other hand, section 10(4) (b)[16] emphasis that the applicant shall disclose the invention on the basis of the best mode of performing of the invention. The specification must describe the invention, its operation or use with the help of drawings if necessary. If the applicant does not give complete specification of the invention at the time of filing the application, he can file the complete specification within 12 months there after filing of the application. Further, the specification must disclose the best mode performing the invention, which is known to the applicant[17]. In case of claiming the priority of an application filed earlier, priority shall be given only when the earlier application does not give the complete specification of the invention to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the invention in the best possible way. [18] Further, the specification shall define the scope of the claimed invention with claim or claims on the invention. The patent act was amended latest by 2005 keeping in mind the necessity of deposit of invention in case of biotechnology patents. The amendment recognized Budapest treaty of 1977for facilitating the deposit of biotechnology inventions for the sake of patent procedure. [19] A biotechnology patent application must be accompanied by a deposit of the invention in any recognized depository as recognized by the government of India through notification in the official gazette. The name a nd address of the depository and the date of deposit shall be mentioned in the application. Further, the access number issues to the deposited invention shall also be mentioned in the application. There is no case law development with regard to the fulfilment of written description requirement by biotechnology inventions in India. Since the biotechnology industry is an infant stage in India and only since 2005 India is granting patents on biotechnology invention, there is no substantiate development of law in this regard. However, the disclosure of the invention through specification while making the patent application is a prerequisite for the grant of patent. In contrast to the patent law of the United States of America and of the European Union, the Indian Patents Act mandates the disclosure of source and geographic origin of the biological material used in producing the claimed biotechnology invention. The bio diversity act, 2001 read the claimed biotechnology invention shall be disclosed and mentioned in the patent protection application to share the benefits of the patents to the geographical regions which conserved the resource. The TRIPS agreement does not require the mentioning of the origin of the resources. However, the convention on the biological diversity states that the origin of the biological resources used shall be acknowledged and the geographical regions shall be given a share in the benefits of such usage. In fact, it is a crucial issue where the CBD and the TRIPS do contradict. However, having ratified both the agreement, India does provide in its patents laws that the patent application claiming a biotechnology invention is complete only when it discloses the source of the resourced used. Written description of the invention is a core principle of patent law. An invention shall be described in a clear and comprehensive manner in order to enable a killed person in the art to practise the invention. The requirement of written descrip tion has been applied to biotechnological invention in varied forms. In case of biotechnological invention the written description has to furnish the chemical and physical properties of the invention along with its structure and sequences. However, in every case, it is not possible to describe a biotechnological invention in a clear and comprehensive manner. Due to the fact that biotechnological inventions are living beings it may not always be possible to describe the invention as required under the patent laws. So the practice of depositing the claimed invention has been adopted to satisfy the written description requirement. It is accepted that the deposit of deposit of the invention fulfils the requirement of a written description. A deposit of the invention serves as an additional security to the inventor in claiming the patent and also helps in rebutting claims of invalidity against the patent. A biotechnology invention, which satisfies the requirements of novelty, non-obvi ousness, utility and written description is patentable provided that the invention falls within the range of matters which are patentable. The patent law states that a biotechnology invention, which is not a patentable subject matter, cannot be patented though it may satisfy the requirements of patentability. It is a settled principle in the patent law that a bio technology invention is patentable only when it does fall within the purview of patentable subject matter. Difficulties arise in determining the novelty and non-obviousness of biotechnology inventions. The fact that biotechnology inventions are living beings which are manipulated from their earlier position of natural existence to possess certain desired characteristics to give rise to certain difficulties. As per the present patent law it is believed that things or living beings existing in nature are products of nature, which are not patentable. It is also believed that addition of human ingenuity to these products of nat ure renders then product of man. Therefore, the difference between products of nature and products of man and the point from where a product of nature becomes a product of man are very significant in deciding the novelty and non-obviousness of biotechnology inventions. However, the utility of biotechnology inventions is undisputed. Further, the satisfaction of the requirement of written description is also problematic in case of biotechnology inventions. It is felt that it may not be possible to describe a biotechnology invention in a clear and complete manner. Therefore, difficulty arises in satisfying the requirement of written description. CONCLUSION In order to compensate the non-fulfilment of written description requirement deposit of the invention is recommended. It is believed that deposit of the invention serves the purpose of describing the invention in order to enable the person skilled in the art to practice the invention in the best possible way[20]. With the comin g into being of the TRIPS agreement throughout the world patent laws have been harmonized. Now in all the member states of the TRIPS agreement, the requirements of patentability of biotechnology inventions are uniform. Therefore, a biotechnology invention satisfying the requirements of novelty, non – obviousness, industrial application and written description or deposit of the invention is patentable throughout the world. REFERENCES: Dr. Sreenivasulu, N.S. and Dr. Raju C.B.; Biotechnology and Patent Law – Patenting of Living Beings; 1st Edition 2008; Manupatra Albany Law Journa of science and technology; David Kelly; ‘ The federal circuit transforms the written description requirement into a biotech – specific hurdle to obtaining patent protection for bio technology patents;† 2002 TRIPS Agreement Elizabeth Verkey; Law of Patent; 2nd Edition; eastern book company. [1] Jayashree Watal, Intellectual Property Rights in the World Trade Organization and Developing countries, New Delhi; Oxford University Press; Published on 2001, 3rd Impression 2002; Page No. 132. [2] M.S. Swaminathan. An introduction to guiding principles in the decisions on patent law, Delhi; Bhari Brothers, 2000 pg: 331 [3] Budapest Treaty of 1977 provides for the establishment and recognition of international depositories to deposit inventions of life forms and other bio technological inventions for the grant of patent along with patent application. [4] Lord Hatherley in Arnold vs. Bradbury (1871) 6 Ch App 706 [5] Vas-cath inc. vs. D. Mahukar (935 F 2d 1555) (Fed Cir 1991) [6] A.B. Dick Co. vs. Barnett [288 Fed 799(2nd Cir 1923)] [7] Supra Note 9 [8] Art 1, Budapest treaty [9]TRIPS agreement: Article 29 – Conditions on patent applicant. [10] Albany Law Journa of science and technology; David Kelly; ‘ The federal circuit transforms the written description requirement into a biotech – specific hurdle to obtaining patent protection for bio technology patents;† 2002 [11] Patentability of Bio technology Pg. 105 [12] The later claim over and above the earlier claim will not receive the benefit of the earlier filing date. [13] The patent act stands amended latest by 2005. Section 9: Provisional and complete specification. [14] Section 10 of Indian Patent Act, 1970 – Contents of Specifications. [15] 10.Contents of specifications (4) Every complete specification shall- (a) fully and particularly describe the invention and its operation or use and the method by which it is to be performed; [16] 10.Contents of specifications (4) Every complete specification shall- (b) disclose the best method of performing the invention which is known to the applicant and for which he is entitled to claim protection; [17] ibid [18] Section 11 [19] Patent Amendment Act 2002 [20] Electric and Musical Industries Ltd. Vs. Lissen Ltd. (1939) 56 RPC 23